Questions Relating to FTTU

What is FTTU?

Fiber-to-the-User is 21st century architecture for delivering multiple services (Voice, Video and Data) to the customer premises. This technology involves laying down fiber optic cable from the carrier’s point to the customer premises. With the ever-decreasing price of Fiber Optic and the rising cost of copper, use of copper cables worldwide is on the decrease. Fiber Optic cables have near-unlimited capacity for carrying data at speeds not supported by Copper media.

Is FTTU the same as Fiber-to-the-Curb (FTTC)?

No. FTTC terminates the fiber at the curb. This means that the fiber is terminated somewhere in a cabinet which is not at the customer premises. From the cabinet to the customer premise, delivery of services is still on a copper cable. Nayatel provides FTTU where the fiber optic cable is terminated inside the customer premise. This ensures that quality of the signal at the customer premises is free of issues that are inherent to Copper media.

Is FTTU the same as Fiber-to-the-Premises (FTTP)?

FTTP and FTTU are usually used as synonyms. We prefer to use the word ‘FTTU’ since some documentation uses FTTP as an acronym for ‘Fiber-to-the-Pole’.

Does Nayatel FTTU use Single mode fiber or Multimode fiber?

Nayatel's FTTU network uses low-water peak single mode fiber compliant to the ITU-T G.652D standard from Corning Systems, the leading brand in Fiber Optic technology.

Does this means that Nayatel actually dug up the whole city to lay down this fiber optic cable?

Precisely. We've been busy doing this since the last three and a half years. Nayatel's Fiber optic network is totally independent of any other carrier. It is designed, tested and deployed by Nayatel Development engineers. Please visit www.nayatel.com to see a list of the areas in Islamabad where Nayatel's FTTU network has been deployed.

How many types of FTTU Configurations exist in the world?

Generally speaking, Fiber to the User is deployed either using an Active or a Passive Architecture. A Passive FTTU network is also called a 'Passive Optical Network' or PON for short.

Is Nayatel FTTU an active or passive network?

A Passive Optical Network avoids placing electronics (Routers, switches, line cards etc) in the field. In an Active Optical Network, electronics (routers, switches etc) are placed in cabinets. These cabinets need air-conditioning, power, backup power etc. Such cabinets typically serve 400 to 500 customers. Last mile medium of communication from these cabinets to the customer premise is copper. Nayatel FTTU is based on a passive optical network.

FTTU Triple Play Services

What services are available on the Nayatel FTTU?

Nayatel offers Triple-Play services, which means Voice, Video and Data. Internet, cable TV and telephone services are available on the Nayatel FTTU.

What hardware is required for Nayatel FTTU?

An Optical Network Terminal (ONT) is the hardware that is necessary for provisioning of services at customer premise. The ONT provides the customer with Voice, Video and Data Services.

Is an ONT required even if I want to subscribe to only one single service (video, for example)?

Yes. Without the Optical Network Terminal, no service can be provisioned at the customer premises.

Can I use a Non-Alcatel/Huawei ONT with the Nayatel Network?

At the moment, Nayatel's FTTU solution is based on Alcatel and Huawei's hardware. While the Broadband Passive Optical Network (BPON) and Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) is an ITU-T standard (under ITU-T G.983 and G.984 series of protocols), interoperability between PON hardware is something not available in the market. For this reason, an ONT from vendor X will not work with the Nayatel FTTU system.

What Data Speeds are available on the Nayatel ONT?

The Nayatel-supplied Alcatel ONT can deliver up to 100 Mbps of bandwidth to the customer even though the handoff is a 10/100Mbps port. This is a limitation of the hardware.

What if I need 100Mbps or more of bandwidth?

In case you require more than 100 Mbps of bandwidth, multiple ONTs can be used to deliver the required bandwidth. However, in such a case, you need to work out the issues relating to load-balancing the traffic. Please note that the ONT performs transparent bridging. It has no IP address. In case you opt for such a solution, use of a Layer3 switch is recommended at the customer premise. Alternately, Nayatel Operations team can check the availability of a pair of fiber at a cabinet near the customer premise and use a pair of fiber-optic strands to terminate the customer premise connection in an Ethernet media-converter instead of an ONT. The media-converter option can deliver data at rates from 10Mbps to 1 Gigabit Per second to the customer. Please note that Nayatel Operations Team will only do this in very special circumstances.

Data (Internet)

What is required for the internet service on Nayatel FTTU?

In addition to the ONT, you require a Computer to connect to the ONT. A Broadband Router or a Wireless Broadband router is only required if you want to connect multiple computers to the Internet at the same time.

Can I use my DSL modem or router with the Nayatel FTTU?

No. DSL modulation only works on Copper. The Nayatel FTTU is not a DSL connection. For this reason, you cannot connect your DSL modem or a DSL router with the Nayatel FTTU. We prefer to call it 'High Speed Internet' or 'Extreme Broadband'.

What type of Router is recommended for use with the Nayatel FTTU?

Broadband routers in the market are equipped with an Ethernet or Fast Ethernet WAN port and typically have four Ethernet switch ports for connecting Computers. Such a router has no DSL port. Nayatel uses TP Link Broadband routers for residential and SOHO customers. For volume-based internet account, the router must support PPPoE client functionality. Linksys, DLINK and other brands of broadband routers can also be used with the Nayatel FTTU.

Can I use my own router instead of Nayatel-supplied router?

Yes, our technicians will walk you through the necessary configuration steps over the phone. Site visits, if necessary, are charged @ Rs 500 per hour.

How many types of internet accounts are available on the Nayatel FTTU?

There are two types of accounts: Volume-based and Premium. Premium accounts are unlimited accounts where the user has un-metered, unlimited access to the internet for a flat monthly fee. The volume-based accounts have a volume-limit. Once the volume has been exhausted, volume over and above the package limit is charged on a 100 MegaByte basis. Please visit www.nayatel.com for detail of Premium and Volume-based packages.

Can I use a Cisco Router with the Nayatel FTTU?

Yes. You would need a Cisco Router with two Ethernet or Fast Ethernet ports. You can use one port as a WAN port and the other for connecting to the LAN. If you are using a volume-based internet account, you need to ensure that the Cisco IOS version you are using supports PPPoE client functionality.

Can an Ethernet-based IP firewall be used with Nayatel FTTU?

Yes. If the firewall has an Ethernet WAN port (usually labeled "External" or "outside" interface), you can use the firewall with the Nayatel FTTU. Examples of such firewalls are Cisco PIX Firewall, Juniper Netscreen, WatchGuard and numerous others.

I need a Pool of 'real' IP addresses on my Internet Account. Is this possible?

Yes. Please contact sales@nayatel.com for tariffs. This IP address Pool can be used with a Premium or a volume-based account. Real IP Addresses might be needed if you want to run a server that requires a real IP address.

How much Internet bandwidth does Nayatel have?

Currently, Nayatel has more than 2 Gbps connectivity to the Internet backbone. This has been procured from PTCL's ITI and TWA.

Does Nayatel provide IPv6 connectivity? How can I migrate from IPv4 to IPv6?

Yes, our network is IPv6-ready. To migrate to IPv6 we suggest you read IPv6 Migration Guide document before applying for IPv6 connectivity.

Voice (Telephone)

General

What is the Nayatel Voice service?
As a Local Loop Operator, Nayatel can provide its FTTU customers with telephony service.

What types of Voice services are available on Nayatel FTTU?
Nayatel can provide four types of services: Plain Old Telephony Service (POTS), ISDN Primary Rate Interface (PRI), SIP Trunks and Hosted Exchange Solution. If you require a single telephone line, then POTS is the right choice for you. If you are a business customer and require an ISDN PRI for your PBX, you should order an ISDN PRI from Nayatel.

Does Nayatel provide ISDN Basic Rate Interface?
Nayatel does not provide ISDN Basic Rate service (sometimes referred to as '2B+D').

How do I enable/disable NTL International Calling feature?
NTL offers an International Call Block feature for all of our accounts by default, which allows you to block and unblock international calling. You'll never have to worry about unintended international calls again.

To enable/disable International Calling feature you can follow the following steps:
1. You have to send a written request via fax (051- 8310100), email (support@nayatel.com) or mail a letter to NTL Support department for enabling/disabling of the International calling feature
2. You can also submit a trouble ticket (TT) from your account access area by logging on at (http://customer.nayatel.com) (or)
3. You can also submit your request via our support form available at NTL website www.nayatel.com/support.

What are the features available in FTTU Phone services?
FTTU phone service is of highest quality, transmitted by a digital signal over optical fiber. Carried by light, conversations will be absolutely clear, free from hum, static, and other noise, Digital switching allows all the latest calling features, including caller ID, call forwarding, conference calling, etc. By visiting Information Portal (http://www.nayatel.com) customers will be able to get detailed information on call record history and real time updates in billing. Nayatel FTTU Telephone services will allow customers with more choices in long-distance phone services. Both regular switched long-distance services and the newer VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) long-distance services are easily available. Customers will be provided with most competitive rates and choices to call destinations of their choices.

How can I see my Call Detail Records?
Call Detail Records (CDRs) are available online. You need to login on a URL to see you CDRs.

Are there any charges for the activation of incoming CLI like other operators?
No, Nayatel is not charging for the CLI. It's also complimentary with Nayatel Voice Services.

Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS)

What is Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS)?
Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) refers to a voice-grade service that remains the basic form of residential and small business service connection to the telephone network in most parts of the word. In simple words, POTS means a telephone line.

What hardware is needed for the Nayatel POTS service?
In addition to the Optical Network Terminal (ONT), a telephone set is required. Any analog telephone set available in the market will work with the ONT. The ONT has an RJ-11 type connector to connect to the telephone.

How many telephone lines can an Optical Network Terminal (ONT) Provide?
Depending on the model of the Optical Network Terminal, up to four telephone lines (POTS) can be delivered to the customer premise.

Can I use my PTCL telephone number on the Nayatel FTTU?
No. Every telephone company has its own series of telephone numbers. These numbers are regulated by Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA). Until the regulator implements Number Portability for fixed line telephony, as has been recently done for the GSM market, PTCL numbers cannot be used on the Nayatel FTTU and vice versa.

If I subscribe to Nayatel Telephony service, what will my telephone number look like?
Nayatel currently has four numbering series allocated by the Pakistan Telecommunications Authority, 051-831xxxx, 051-835xxxx, 051-843xxxx and 051-844xxxx. Your telephone number will begin with either of these two prefixes.

How many POTS lines can be activated?
Two POTS lines can be directly activated from ONT. Additional POTS lines will be required to add Analog Telephony Adapter (ATA)

Is there any line rent of POTS lines?
No, there is no line rent of Nayatel POTS lines.

Are there any charges for the activation of VAS on POTS lines?
All VAS are pre-activated on Nayatel Telephone Lines and there are no additional charges for these services.
*Call forwarding and call transfer will be charged as per tariff.

Primary Rate Interface (PRI)

What is ISDN Primary Rate Interface (PRI)? Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) Primary Rate Interface (PRI) is a telecom standard for carrying multiple voice and data channels between two locations. Nayatel PRI can be used with your PBX or router to terminate and originate calls to the telephone network. How many voice channels does the Nayatel PRI provide? Nayatel PRI provides the customer with thirty (30) channels which can be used to carry voice and/or data. What standard does the Nayatel PRI use? Nayatel PRI is compliant to ITU-T I.431 specifications. What make and model of PBXs have been tested with the Nayatel PRI? Nayatel PRI has been successfully tested with these PBX models: Siemens Hicom, Siemens HiPath, Panasonic TDX-100, Panasonic TDX-200, Panasonic D5, Nortel Meridian, and Cisco CallManager. Will the Nayatel PRI work with my telecom equipment? If your telecom equipment is ETSI-compliant, there are good chances that your equipment is compatible with the Nayatel PRI. Will my data call connect at 64Kbps if I call a PTCL BRI or PRI number? Yes. Using the Nayatel PRI, you will be able to connect at full 64Kbps if the local or national destination number is BRI or PRI. Bonding of two 64Kbps B Channels is possible if your equipment allows. No configuration is required from Nayatel end. Does Nayatel use PTCL to carry international voice traffic? Nayatel's interconnect partners include Wateen Telecom, Burraq Telecom, National Telecommunications Corporation (NTC) as well as Pakistan Telecommunications Company Limited (PTCL). The international voice traffic is carried over any of these partners.

Can we set outgoing CLI of DIDs over a PRI?

Yes, if you have configured outgoing CLI of a DID on your PBX, CLI of DID will be displayed on an outgoing call otherwise Nayatel Voice System will automatically display Master Number of your PRI.

What is SIP?

The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is an application-layer control (signaling) protocol for creating, modifying, and terminating sessions with one or more participants. It can be used to create two-party, multiparty, or multicast sessions that include Internet telephone calls, multimedia distribution, and multimedia conferences.

(cit. RFC 3261). SIP is designed to be independent of the underlying transport layer; it can run on TCP, UDP, or SCTP. It is widely used as a signaling protocol for Voice over IP, along with H.323 and others. SIP has the following characteristics:
Transport-independent, because SIP can be used with UDP, TCP, ATM and so on.
Text-based, allowing for humans to read SIP messages.
SIP trunks can be purchased in increments of 1, whereas PRIs have to be purchased in increments of 30 channels.

What equipment do I need for my SIP Trunk?

SIP Trunks can work with a SIP-ready PBX. SIP Trunks can also be made to work with traditional analog or key systems with an IAD (Integrated Access Device). The SIP Trunk service provider will need to inter-operate with the underlying equipment manufacturer.

Can we set outgoing CLI of DIDs over a SIP Trunk?

Yes, if you have configured outgoing CLI of a DID on your PBX, CLI of DID will be displayed on an outgoing call otherwise Nayatel Voice System will automatically display Master Number of your SIP Trunk.

When should a business use a SIP Trunk instead of hosted?

A business should look into purchasing SIP Trunks when they decide that their needs are best met with a premise-based system. This system is often referred to as an IP-PBX. Coupled with SIP Trunks, an IP-PBX serves up similar features to hosted solutions. SIP Trunks typically save a business customer money over a hosted solution in that a SIP Trunk can serve the needs of three to four employees (depending on over subscription) while a hosted seat is needed for each employee.

What is Hosted Exchange Solution?

Nayatel HostEX delivers virtual PABX as a service, available over IP network. In comparison with premises based (traditional PABX) system (Hardware based), Nayatel HostEX provides cost advantage (with reduced upfront cost), value added features for quality communication, along with minimum maintenance overheads as its managed and run by Nayatel.

How Nayatel’s Hosted Exchange Works?

1. All incoming calls from PSTRM/Cellular networks are terminated at Nayatel NGN Switch
2. Incoming calls are then forwarded to Virtual PBX (located at Nayatel’s premises)
3. Callers can reach to IVR menu/customer greeting, powered by auto attendant feature at Nayatel’s Virtual PBX
4. Caller selects the employees with whom they wish to speak
5. Virtual PBX also provides DID (Direct Inward Dialing) and Conference Calling facility to callers
6. Incoming calls are then routed to the desired extension number at customer premises, by Nayatel’s Virtual PBX
7. Incase if call is unanswered or contact person is not available, “Follow me feature” routes the incoming call to any other number e.g. remote location, as decided by Manager/Administrator
8. Each employee is assigned an extension number in the system, which is configured at Nayatel’s virtual PBX
9. All outgoing calls from customer premises are received at NGN switch, and are further router to interconnect networks
10. There is no PBX hardware or software to install, maintain, or upgrade

 

What do I need to avail Nayatel HostEX solution?

1. Nayatel verified IP-Phones (Hard/soft phones) (SIP Based –V2)
2. Managed Fast-Ethernet switch for the IP-Phone network (Fast Ethernet switch can handle the PPS (Packet per Second) throughput for required extensions
3. Data and VoIP network are physically or virtually (VLAN) separated. A separate virtual LAN is recommended for better voice quality
4. UPS (back backup for Fast-Ethernet Switches, ATA & IP Phones)
5. All Ethernet Cables are tagged on Fast-Ethernet Switch side
6. All Ethernet Cables are tagged on IP-Phone Sides

How can I activate or deactivate my voice service features?

1. Call Barring Method for Activation and Deactivation of VAS services: *33*code*3# (Block NWD, Cell Phone and International Dialing) *33*code*4# (Block International Dialing) #33*code# (To open the code) 2. Call Waiting: For Outgoing calls: During the conversation with the first call press the FLASH KEY and then dial other number on which the second call is to be made. After finishing the second call press the FLASH KEY and continue with the first call. For Incoming Calls: During conversation with the first call, if the Second call is received then press the FLASH KEY to start conversation with the second call making first call ONHOLD. After finishing the second call press the FLASH KEY and resume with the first call 3. Immediate Call Forwarding: For Activation of this service use the following code *21*ND# For Deactivation of the following service use this code #21# Where " ND" is the number on which the call is been forwarded. 4. Call Forwarding if No Reply: For Activation of this service use the following code *61*ND# For Deactivation of the following service use this code #61# Where " ND" is the number on which the call is been forwarded. 5. Call Forwarding if line busy: For Activation of this service use the following code *67*ND# For Deactivation of the following service use this code #67# Where " ND" is the number on which the call is been forwarded. 6. Wakeup Service: For Activation of this service use the following code *55*HHMM# For Deactivation of the following service use this code #55# Where "HH" is in hour and "MM" is in minutes to be mention 7. Absent Subscriber Service: For Activation of this service use the following code *23# For Deactivation of the following service use this code #23# 8. Call Transfer: To make a call transfer, there are two possibilities. Possibility number 1: A calls B A put B on hold by pressing FLASH KEY and then Button 2, A calls C. A press the FLASH KEY and then Button 4 and off hook. Then B and C are connected. Possibility number 2: B calls A, A put B on hold by pressing the FLASH KEY and then Button 2, Then A calls C. A press the FLASH KEY and then button 4 and off hook, Then B and C are connected. 9. Abbreviated Dialing: To register the services use the code. *51*m*ND# For Activation of this service use the following code.*51*m For Deactivation of this service use the following code.   #51*m#. Where "M" is the number for the abbreviated Dialing. And "Z ND" is the number on which abbreviated dialing is enabled. 10. Three way Conference call: Here is the procedure for initiating the voice conference. Step-1 - Party A calls Party B. Step-2- Party A puts Party B on hold by pressing FLASH KEY and then Button 2. Step-3 - Party A calls Party C. Step-4 - Initiate the conference by pressing the FLASH KEY and Button 3.

How can I see my Call Detail Records?

Call Detail Records (CDRs) are available online. You need to login to a URL to see your CDRs.

Cable TV

What is meant by Nayatel Video?

Nayatel can provide analog Cable TV from it's Optical Network Terminal (ONT) installed at the Customer Premise.

Is Nayatel Video Analog or Digital?

Both. To view digital channels, you need to add Set Top Box (STB) with your TV set.

How many channels does Nayatel Cable TV provide?

Nayatel currently distributes a total of seventy analog channels from its video head-end.

Can you name some of the Channels available on Nayatel Cable TV?

The Nayatel Cable TV service bouquet includes premium channels like Star Plus, Star Movies, HBO, Ten Sports, ESPN and numerous others.
Click here for Analog Channels List
Click here for Digital Channels List

Does Nayatel Cable TV have in-house CD channels?

Yes NMX, broadcasted at channel no. 63 is Nayatel in house CD channel of English Movies.

Does Nayatel run advertisements on any of the channels being distributed?

No. Nayatel Cable TV is free of any advertisement, giving you maximum viewing pleasure. No annoying ads.

How many digital channels will be available on the Nayatel Cable TV?

Thirty five digital channels are available on the Nayatel Cable TV. A set-top box is required to view the digital channels. If you have multiple TV sets and you want to watch digital channels on different TV sets then each TV set would require a set-top box.

How many TV sets can be connected to the Nayatel ONT?

Without an RF-amplifier, up to four TV sets can be supported by single ONT. Beyond four TV sets, proper RF planning of your coaxial network is required. Please email sales@nayatel.com for a quote.

How does Nayatel FTTU Cable TV service differentiate from other Cable TV service providers?

FTTH will mean more video channels with more choices, because the bandwidth limitations of the older cable system will not apply. All the channels will be of highest digital quality. The new trends in television technology call out for huge amounts of bandwidth that only fiber can provide.

Nayatel Digital Cable

What is FTTU Digital Cable?

Nayatel Digital Cable is a brand new way for Nayatel to deliver high quality digital television signals to your home. Digital technology enables us to "compress" the signals, thereby providing you with high-quality picture and sound -- all without the dish or an antenna.

What are the benefits of FTTU Digital Cable?

Nayatel brings high performance and cost-effective digital cable receiver to view digital channels with crystal clear picture and unique sound effect. Convenient access to programming, increased viewing control and a better customer experience are just a few of the benefits you will enjoy with Nayatel Digital Cable. With 35 eye popping digital channels you will be able to enjoy your favorite hit movies, sports, news, Islamic and other channels with more clarity than ever.

Difference between FTTU analog TV and regular analog TV from cable operators

The analog cable service provided by Nayatel as compared to regular analog cable TV is far better in picture quality. The technology used for both of these services is Radio Frequency. To understand the difference between afore mentioned services it is essential to understand the difference between Optical Fiber cable and the COAX cable which carry the CATV signal to customer premises. The main differences are like bandwidth, distance, lower loss, greater reliability and interference.

Fiber optic cable has the ability to carry much more information and deliver it with greater fidelity than coaxial cable. It supports higher data transfer over greater distances than coaxial cable, making it ideal for the transmission of any kind of data and video. Because the conductor is glass and cannot conduct electricity, fiber is immune to virtually all kinds of interference. Therefore, it can come in direct contact with lightning, high voltage electrical equipment, and power lines. It will also not create ground loops of any kind. The glass core will not corrode and is unaffected by most chemicals. It can be buried directly in most soil, or it can be exposed to most corrosive atmospheres. Fiber optic cables are virtually unaffected by outdoor atmospheric conditions, allowing them to be lashed directly to telephone poles or existing electrical cables without concern for extraneous signal pickup. Fiber optic cable is ideal for secure communications systems since it is very difficult to tap but very easy to monitor. Additionally, there is absolutely no electrical radiation from a fiber.

Keeping in view all these factors, it is obvious that FTTU CATV will deliver same picture quality as it received by a satellite receiver in the Video Headend. Further with FTTU cable providing more attractive services like HDTV, digital cable, VOD and IPTV is very easy so having FTTU cable in your house is always an advantage. You can have all these services on a single connection and you don't have to change the service provider time and again.

Digital TV, difference between analog TV and digital TV

Digital television (DTV) is a telecommunication system for broadcasting and receiving moving pictures and sound by means of digital signals, in contrast to analog signals used by analog (traditional) TV. DTV uses digital modulation data, which is digitally compressed and requires decoding by a specially designed television set, or a standard receiver with a set-top box, or a PC fitted with a television card. Digital television is more flexible and efficient than analog television. Digital television allows a much clearer picture, better sound quality and more programming choices than analog does. Consumers also benefit because digital broadcasting allows stations to offer improved picture and sound quality and much greater number of channels. A digital Set-Top box will allow you to continue using your existing analog TV to watch over-the-air digital broadcasts. You do not need to get rid of your existing analog TV. In addition, analog sets should continue to work as before. Also, analog sets will continue to work with gaming consoles, VCRs, DVD players, and similar products that you use now. Both analog and digital signals get weaker with distance. However, while the picture on an analog TV slowly gets worse for more distant receivers, a picture on a digital set will stay perfect until the signal becomes too weak for the receiver to pick it up. By perfect I mean the picture on the TV is exactly the same picture the broadcaster started with at the transmitter. In a digital signal, a one is always a one and a zero is always a zero.

What is the difference between Analogue and Digital TV?

expand Collapse What is the difference between Analogue and Digital TV? The difference between Analog TV and Digital TV boils down to the way the TV signal is transmitted. Standard analog TV is transmitted in a manner similar to radio.

Analog TV transmits the video signal in (Amplitude Modulation) AM, while the audio is transmitted in (Frequency Modulation) FM. Analog TV is subject to interference, such as interference, picture jitter/freeze and snow, depending on the distance and geographical location of the TV receiving the signal. In addition, the amount of bandwidth assigned to an analog TV channel restricts the resolution and overall quality of the image. The current analog TV signal standard varies from country to country in Pakistan Pal B/G is used.

Digital TV, or DTV, on the other hand, is transmitted as data bits of information, just as computer data is written or the way music is written on a CD. In this way, the signal is basically "on" or "off". In other words, the intent of DTV technology is that the viewer either sees an image or nothing at all. There is no gradual signal loss as distance from the transmitter increases. If the viewer is too far from the transmitter or is in an undesirable location, there is nothing to see.

Difference between DTV, HDTV and SDTV

It is important to understand that the DTV transition is a transition from analog broadcasting to digital broadcasting. It is not a transition from analog broadcasting to High Definition broadcasting. Digital broadcasting allows for High Definition broadcasts, but High Definition is not required, and you do not need to buy a HDTV to watch digital TV. A Standard Definition DTV (which is simply a TV with an internal digital tuner), or a digital Set-top box hooked to an analog TV, is all that is required to continue watching over-the-air broadcast television. Digital broadcast television includes both Standard Definition (SD) and High Definition (HD) formats. You can watch High Definition programming on a Standard Definition DTV (or on an analog TV hooked to a digital set-top box), but it won't be in full High Definition quality. It is also important to know that Standard Definition DTVs are comparably priced to similar sized analog TVs. Digital content currently is delivered in one of five formats: 480i, 480p, 720p, 1080i, and 1080p. The 480i format is the same as that used for standard analog TV, and when programming originally in 480i is delivered by digital cable or satellite to your home, it retains that format.

TV purchasing tips: difference between plasma and LCD, which one is better for which occasion? Watching movies or sports, which TV is better

Television sets are available in various screen sizes and manufactured with various different technologies. The main difference lies between an analog television set and a digital television set.

A

n analog TV is based on the older Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) technology for displaying moving images. The newer range of television sets are manufactured using either of the LCD, TFT-LCD, Micro-display or Rear-Projection, or the Plasma display technology, each of these technologies differ from each other in the way the image is finally reproduced. These technologies also differ from the conventional CRT display screen by way of size, clarity, weight, thickness and overall rendering of color and object details. Sound re-production though can be enhanced using an external sound processing unit such as what you might find in a stand-alone home theatre system.

A Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) screen is based on the illumination of millions of tiny crystals, called pixels (picture elements), excited by an electric current. It is usually referred to as a Passive Matrix LCD screen. Each pixel emits different intensities of light and color according to the actual image. A high value for color and contrast ratio would produce picture rich in overall details and quality. LCD TVs consume only one-third the power consumed by CRT televisions of the same dimensions. LCD TVs are as thin as 4 inches and generally weigh a maximum of 10 pounds, allowing for saving up to 90% of space. It belongs to the category of digital displays as it can also display computer graphics as well as high-definition and standard TV broadcasts.

A TFT-LCD TV uses an array of special thin film of transistors (TFT) controlling and illuminating an array of an equal number of pixels. The transistors reduce the time taken to illuminate or shut off a particular pixel at a rate faster than the older LCD circuitry. This reduces the time taken to draw consecutive images as compared to LCD screen. A TFT-LCD television has at least a million pixels or 'mega pixels' for reproducing images. A TFT-LCD TV having a resolution of more than one mega pixels offers better sharpness as well as a larger viewable area. By dimensions, it measures similarly to a LCD screen in thickness.

Much similar in functionality to the TFT-LCD technology, a Plasma TV screen uses an array of tiny pixels holding xenon or neon gases sandwiched between two sheets of glass. Each pixel acts as a cell holding the gas surrounded by electrodes on two sides. When a current passes between the two electrodes, essentially through the cell too, the gas molecules are excited. The molecules then release charged photon particles onto a phosphorous layer containing the three basic layers: Red, Green and Blue (RGB) for image reproduction. While all such activity is going on the inside of the screen between the two glass sheets, the photons upon hitting the colored phosphor layer illuminate the external surface and recreate the original image. This process results in an image with deeper and richer colors of up to 68 billion. The plasma technology can provide a contrast ratio as high as 10000:1

HDTV resolutions

Resolution, or picture detail, is the main reason why HDTV programs look so good. The standard-definition programming most of us watch today has at most 480 visible lines of detail, whereas HDTV has as many as 1,080. HDTV looks sharper and clearer than regular TV by a wide margin, especially on big-screen televisions. It actually comes in two different resolutions, called 1080i and 720p. One is not necessarily better than the other; 1080i has more lines and pixels, but 720p is a progressive-scan format that should deliver a smoother image that stays sharper during motion. Another format is also becoming better known: 1080p, which combines the superior resolution of 1080i with the progressive-scan smoothness of 720p. True 1080p content is scarce outside of Blu-ray, HD DVD and the latest video games, however, and none of the major networks has announced 1080p broadcasts. Check out our comparison chart to see how HDTV stacks up against standard TV and progressive-scan DVD, and go to HDTV resolution explained for more detail.

Name	Resolution	HDTV	Wide-screen	Progressive-scan
1080p	1,920x1,080	Y	Y	Y
1080i	1,920x1,080	Y	Y	N
720p	1,280x720	Y	Y	Y
Wide-screen 480p (DVD, EDTV)	852x480	N	Y	Y
Regular TV	Up to 480 lines	N	N	N

Why I am getting the same picture and sound quality even after purchasing the latest Digital TV?

You should also consider the source of TV signal. No matter how much money you spend on a TV, the picture will only be as good as the source video signal it receives. For instance, a DVD will look better on a low-end television than an analog broadcast antenna signal will look on a high-end HDTV. That is because the quality of the digital signal sent to the analog set is far superior to the analog signal sent to the digital HDTV. Sources break down like this:

Type	Rating
Analog (Ordinary Cable)	Good
Analog cable (Nayatel)	Better
Digital cable (Nayatel)	Best

What is HDTV?

When it would be available? HDTV, or High Definition Television, is an audio/video standard that defines the quality of motion picture. It is broadcast digitally in contrast to common analog broadcast formats such as: PAL, NTSC and SECAM. Separate tuners are built into the TV set. The screen redraw method in an HDTV broadcast is 'progressive' instead of 'interlaced' as found in older CRT based TVs. Sound channels are implemented using the Dolby Digital 5.1 sound standard deploying full surround sound capabilities. Future standards such as Ultra HDTV and Digital Video Broadcasting are designed to deliver much higher quality of video signals compared to the current HDTV broadcasts thereby delivering extremely high quality entertainment to common households. HDTV broadcast systems are defined by three functions:

• The number of lines in the vertical display resolution.
• The scanning system: progressive scanning (p) or interlaced scanning (i). Progressive scanning redraws an image frame (all of its lines) when refreshing each image. Interlaced scanning redraws the image field (every second line) per each image refresh operation, and then redraws the remaining lines during a second refreshing. Interlaced scanning yields greater image resolution if subject is not moving, but loses up to half of the resolution and suffers "combing" artifacts when subject is moving.
• The number of frames per second or fields per second.

The 720p60 format is 1280 x 720 pixels, progressive encoding with 60 frames per second (60 Hz). The 1080i50 format is 1920 x 1080 pixels, interlaced encoding with 50 fields per second. Sometimes interlaced fields are called half-frames, but they are not, because two fields of one frame are temporally shifted. Frame pulldown and segmented frames are special techniques that allow transmitting full frames by means of interlaced video stream. For commercial naming of the product, either the frame rate or the field rate is dropped, e.g. a "1080i television set" label indicates only the image resolution. Often, the rate is inferred from the context, usually assumed to be either 50 or 60, except for 1080p, which denotes 1080p24, 1080p25, and 1080p30, but also 1080p50 and 1080p60 in the future.

What is IP TV? When it would be available?

Internet Protocol Television is a system where a digital television service is delivered by using Internet Protocol over a network infrastructure, which may include delivery by a broadband connection. A general definition of IPTV is television content that, instead of being delivered through traditional broadcast and cable formats, is received by the viewer through the technologies used for computer networks. IPTV is in fact a DTV implementation.

Can HDTV be made available on digital, on IP or both?

Yes. HDTV can be provided in both DTV and IPTV. If we provide HDTV in digital it will need more bandwidth and hence we can multiplex lesser channels into our RF, while providing HDTV over IP will not have such limitation. The limiting factor here will be the user end bandwidth. The provider can give as many channels as he wants.

Difference between digital TV and VOD

VOD stands for Video on Demand. VOD is an application of digital TV. VOD permits a customer to browse an online program or film catalogue, to watch trailers and to then select a selected recording for playback. The playout of the selected movie starts nearly instantaneously on the customer's TV or PC.

How do I get Nayatel Digital Cable TV

To find out if Nayatel Digital Cable is available in your area, simply use any of the following methods

• Email: sales@nayatel.com
• Call: (051) 111 11 44 44
• SMS: 0302 8555941
• Web Site: http://www.nayatel.com/apply_now.php

We can schedule to have your new cable box delivered and installed or you may even be able to come in and pick up a box at your convenience (if you are an existing Nayatel customers). You may also contact Nayatel customer service at UAN: 111 11 44 44 a customer service representative will be happy to provide the information you are looking for.

What is the difference between Digital Cable and satellite services?

Unlike satellite services, the signal from Digital Cable cannot be interrupted by snow, rain, and high winds. With a satellite dish, something as simple as medium to dense cloud cover can cause a satellite picture to be degraded or hazy or freezing at intervals. For Nayatel Digital Cable you do not have to buy a dish that needs to be installed outside or on roof top of your house. You will get your favorite Cable TV channels straight to your door step along with other services like Telephone and Internet on a single fiber optic cable.

What type of TV do I need?

Nayatel Digital Cable TV service is compatible with all TV types. A cable ready tunable TV will allow reception of local service below channels 49. To take advantage of Nayatel Digital Cable TV service, a TV must have a video and audio input. The input can be the typical yellow, white and red cables or a 3 wire component or an S-Video along with audio cables. High Definition (HDTV) service will require an HDTV, an HD STB, and HDMI or DVI cables with an adapter.

Are all TVs "cable ready"?

Televisions manufactured in the early 90s (1991 to 1995) and labeled "cable ready" tend to have limited channel capacity ranging from 0 to 30 or 40 channels. In this case a converter box is still necessary in order to receive channels located on higher frequencies. Televisions manufactured in 1996 and later were built with increased channel capacity, capable of receiving as many as 130 channels. Some TVs, however, are simply monitors, requiring additional equipment to receive the cable signal. To determine if your current television is cable ready with the desired channel capacity, consult the user guide that came with your television. It will specify capabilities of particular make and model of your TV. If you no longer have the user guide, contact the manufacturer to determine the specifications for your TV by contacting your vendor or accessing this information from the Internet. If you are planning to purchase a new TV, be aware that not all of them are cable ready.

In order to be marketed as "cable ready", televisions, VCRs, VCD's, DVD's and Home Theatre systems must meet three specific requirements. They must:

1. Have an improved tuner that is more resistant to interference than traditional tuners.
2. Be able to tune cable channels according to an FCC-approved channel plan.
3. Be equipped with a special connector that allows cable service to be connected directly to the television without the use of a set-top converter box.

Equipment

What other equipment is needed for Nayatel Digital Cable TV Service?

To receive digital programming, a Set Top Box (STB) is required. We offer Standard Definition STB;

Standard Definition - provides digital audio and video quality. It gives you access to the Nayatel Digital Cable over 20 all-digital music, news, entertainment, Islamic and fundamental channels.

If you do not already have Nayatel Fiber to the User (FTTU) service, the following equipment will also be installed by Nayatel technician:

An Optical Network Terminal (ONT) will be installed on the outside of your home, and a battery backup UPS unit will also be installed inside your home or garage. The ONT needs to be plugged into an electrical outlet inside your garage or home, so you'll need to ensure an outlet is located close to where the ONT will be installed.

NOTE: If you have Nayatel FTTU service, you already have an ONT; an additional ONT are not required in this situation.

What is a Set-Top Box (STB) or digital cable receiver?

A set-top box or digital cable receiver (also called a digital receiver) is actually a powerful computer chip based device that receives cable input and processes multiple channels into a single frequency so that sound and images can be viewed on your television.

When the STB is attached to your TV, you are able to watch digital channels. Not only does it process incoming signals, but it also sends information back to our signal-processing center. Since these boxes now do more than "convert" channels to a single frequency, they are also referred to as set-top boxes. They also allow authorized customer TVs to receive all of the cable channels offered by the system.

Installation

What's involved in the Nayatel Digital Cable Service Installation process?

The Nayatel Digital Cable trained Technician(s) will:
Install the Optical Network Terminal (ONT), if necessary. Customers with existing Nayatel FTTU services will already have an ONT installed.

• Connect cables to your home's coaxial splitter for Nayatel Digital Cable access.
• Wire and/or connect desired number of outlets in the home per your order.
• Install the specified number of Set-Top-Boxes (STBs).
• Explain and demonstrate all Nayatel Digital Cable components to you.
• Provide you with a Nayatel Digital Cable welcome kit and reference materials, as well as the Nayatel Digital Cable Terms of Service.

Do I need a separate Digital Cable box for every TV?

Yes. Customers who want to use the full range of Digital Cable channels will need a set-top box provided by Nayatel for additional televisions at there home or office. Customers can though watch analog channels on additional TV without a set top box. A splitter if not already installed will have to be placed or use the Loop out terminal of set top box to view Analog only channels.
For pricing information, please click here to select your desired package.

You can also call (051) 111 11 44 44 for pricing and availability of the service in your area or E-mail: sales@nayatel.com or you can visit our web site: http://www.nayatel.com/apply_now.php

Do I need to have the wiring in my home replaced?

No not possible in many cases, Nayatel Digital Cable will work over your existing cable lines. In fact, installation is very easy.

What is the cost of relocating my Nayatel Digital Cable account?

Charges for relocating your account vary from area to area. Please call Nayatel customer service representative at UAN: 111 11 44 44 for details.

Nayatel Network Architecture

What does the Nayatel Network look like?

Please see the diagram below. Nayatel Core network is based on IP/MPLS. It is powered by Cisco System's hardware. At the moment, the active network has a capacity of 4 Gigabit per second and it can support up to 50Gbps+ with the currently deployed hardware

Is this network reliable?

We use carrier grade Cisco switches in redundant configuration. Our Points-of-Presence have generator backup as well as UPS and rectifier battery-banks in case of power outages. We strive to achieve an uptime of 100% in the core network.

How is redundancy provided in the network?

The Nayatel network is based on a Ring-topology as shown in the diagram. In case of media failure between two Points-of-Presence (PoPs), the traffic is automatically routed by the routing protocol on the alternate path. For device redundancy, we use dual supervisor engines on our Core switches with dual power supplies. .

What are advantages of the Nayatel Network?

Nayatel Core network is end-to-end Ethernet. We do not have STM1, STM4 and legacy TDM interfaces in our core Network. We are Ethernet all the way. Currently, we use Gigabit Ethernet interfaces in the core network. These will be replaced by 10Gbps, 40Gbps or 100Gpbs interfaces when upgrade to the core network is required at some time in the future. Using the Ethernet interfaces keeps the cost of the customer premise equipment low and delivers up to 100 Mbps to the customer. Doing the same with legacy architecture requires expensive TDM cards (E1, STM1, STM4 etc). In addition, we offer MPLS-based Layer2 and Layer3 VPNs.

Does Nayatel network provide STM-1 (155Mbps) or E1 interfaces?

Nayatel is a Metro Ethernet Network. We do not offer STM1, STM4 or STM16 interfaces. However, we can carry TDM E1s on our Core network by using IP Multiplexing devices. For carrying a Point-to-Point E1 across the Nayatel core, a pair of IPMUXes is required at both ends. This cost has to be borne by the customer. Please contact sales@nayatel.com to get a quote.

What is TDM over IP?

TDMoIP is a patented protocol developed to carry TDM traffic over Packet Switched (IP) networks in a reliable way. For more information on TDM over IP, please visit www.tdmoip.com

Can an Ethernet-based IP firewall be used with Nayatel FTTU?

Yes. If the firewall has an Ethernet WAN port (usually labeled “External” or “outside” interface), you can use the firewall with the Nayatel FTTU. Examples of such firewalls are Cisco PIX Firewall, Juniper Netscreen, WatchGuard and numerous others.

I need a Pool of ‘real’ IP addresses on my Internet Account. Is this possible?

Yes. Please contact sales@nayatel.com for tariffs. This IP address Pool can be used with a Premium or a volume-based account. Real IP Addresses might be needed if you want to run a server that requires a real IP address.

Real Time Black-hole List (RBL)

What is RBL?

A database which keep the data of IP Addresses responsible for generating Spam Mails world wide.

Why My IP has been listed?

Propagation of Spam mails from some infected PC/LAN using your live IP results in listing of IP address.

What would be the impact of IP Black Listing?

Many or All of email servers will not accept emails from your Internet connection IP.

When to request for removal of IP from RBL?

Only after scanning your system and entire network against Viruses and Spam wares.

What if IP Address d-listing is requested without scanning PC / Network?

In this case Spam will cause listing of IP again and this time d-listing will be complex and may take several days or even weeks to get in effect.

How to remove IP from RBL

Click on provided Hyperlinks in email. Enter IP Address and click on request removal for your listed IP Address.